Would impact damage cause the u-joint coupler to explode on a bravo boat?

I would think it would break a lot of other stuff first, like the engine coupler or drive gears.

Well, that too. Upper & lower gear set both have teeth missing.

what does the prop and prop shaft look like, you may have suffered a upper failure causing the other damage, is the input shaft twisted?

There is a impact point on the leading edge of the nosecone & skeg along with a nice blue transfer line, a spot & the blue on the mid-section where whatever kicked up into it.
Everything else looks to be ok.

if it hit hard enough to knock the drive up at a high rpm, it could have caused the u-joint assy to fail, but not sure on the gears, I would have expected prop damage. what speed and rpm where you at when it failed?

About 45-50 mph, 3000-3500 rpm or so. Hadn't even hot-rodded it yet for the year. It was the 1st outing, just warming up the oil.

well I would say that if everything was fine til then, it was probably impact damage.

Everything was just fine. Just serviced the drives. Oil was clean & clear and no "hair" on the magnets, top nor bottom. Both drives had fresh gears & bearings last season too.

got insurance, sounds like impact.
good luck
larry